不同营养液对铁皮石斛生长及多糖含量的影响

Effects of different nutrient solutions on growth and nutrient content of Dendrobium officinate

探讨不同营养液在铁皮石斛生长和多糖积累中的影响,以期筛选出铁皮石斛专用营养液,为铁皮石斛合理施肥提供科学依据。以铁皮石斛组培苗为试验材料,炼苗移栽15d后对开始其喷施不同配比营养液,每10d喷施1次,共喷22次。以花多多1号(N:P_2O_5:K_2O=20:20:20)为对照,用N、P、K和Ca肥按正交设计组成4因子3水平的9个处理组,研究不同配比营养液对铁皮石斛株高、茎粗及多糖含量的影响。与对照组相比,N1P3K3Ca3处理下株高最佳,为15.42cm,高于对照组(7.32cm);N_3P_3K_2Ca_1处理下茎粗最好,为11.20 mm,粗于对照组(2.16mm);N1P3K3Ca3处理下多糖含量最高,为14.54%,高于对照(6.43%)。K是影响株高的主要因素,其次为P、N、Ca;P是影响茎粗的主要因素,其次为K、Ca、N;K影响多糖含量的主要因素,其次是P、N、Ca。综合分析得出既有利于生长又有利于提高营养成分的铁皮石斛专用营养液配比为N1P3K3Ca1。

The study aims to explore the effects of different nutrient fluid on the growth and nutrient content of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo,in order to select the special fertilizer for the plants,and establish the basic theory of fertilization in medicinal plant culture.The tissue culture seeding of D.officinate after transplantation 15 days,was served as the experiential materials,and it fertilized with different nutrient solutions once 10 days.They were sprayed 22 times.The plants fertilized with huaduoduo 1（N：P2O5：K2O=20：20：20）was served as CK,while nine experimental groups of N,P,K and Ca were adopted in three levels of four factors by the orthogonal experimental design.During the experiment,the length,diameter and polysaccharide content of plants were recorded.Compared with the control group,N1P3P3Ca3 was the optimal condition for speeding up the growth of length,and its length was 15.42 cm and longer than CK 7.32 cm.N3P3K2Ca1was the most effective for the growth of diameter,while its diameter was11.20 mm and bigger than CK 2.16 mm.N1P3K3Ca3was best to improve the polysaccharide content,because its polysaccharide content was 14.54% and higher CK than 6.43%.Besides,the effects of length were in order of KPNCa in the growth period.,the effects of diameter were in order of PKCaN,and the effects of polysaccharide content were in order of KPN Ca.Considering the quality and economic benefits,N1P3K3Ca1 was the best for the growth and nutrient content of D.officinate.