早期教育现代化进程中的规训与抵制:以清末民初学校时间管理为例

Discipline and Resistance in Early Education Modernization:with School Time Management in the Late Qing Dynasty as a Case

在清末民初早期教育现代化的特殊历史进程中,学年与学期制度的引进塑造了学校时间的初设轮廓,星期与钟点的出现完成了学校时间的二次分割,请假制度的日益严密造就了学校时间的边界控制,严密的新型学校时间体系就此确立,并开始潜移默化地对教育中人的行为与思想发挥规训作用。与此同时,乡村中的私塾学校依旧滞留于旧式时间轨道之中,其对新型学校时间的公然反对与消极抵制表征了"传统"与"现代"间的有力博弈,并折射出早期教育现代化进程的无奈与艰辛。

In the special historical process of education modernization of the early Qing dynas- ty, the introduction of the semester and school year system shaped the preliminary outline of school time, while the appearance of the week and class hour completed the secondary division of school time. A more and more strict system of ask for leave formed border control of school time. In this way, a strict new school time system was established and began to play an imperceptibly disciplinary role in educating human behavior and thoughts. Meanwhile, the private schools in ru- ral areas kept their outdated stereotype. The open opposition and resistance demonstrate the con- flict between the old and the new, and reflect the frustration and hardships in early modernization process of education.