政学系的地方行政理念与实践——以张群主持川政时期为中心的考察

The Research on the Political Science Clique's Local Administrative Concept and Practice:Based on ZHANG Qun as Governor of Sichuan Province

南京国民政府时期,政学系在政府制度设计及行政运作上有相当影响力。张群作为政学系的核心人物之一,在任四川省政府主席时期,奉行"研究政务,实行改进"及"治法"与"治人"并重的政治和行政理念,力行"行政尤重简单"的"简单政府"实践,并力谋"纵的贯彻与横的联络"的行政补救举措的贯彻落实,以提高地方行政效能。张群的行政思想与实践体现出一定的时代性和现代性,也产生了一定的制度化影响,四川省也成为当时民主建设和蒋介石心目中的模范省,由此可以看出以学者型官僚著称的政学系在行政现代化方面的努力;但实际的行政效果却并不理想,究其原因在于张群的行政理念有着时代和个人的局限性,一种现代化的行政组织是不可能建立在陈旧的思想基础上的。

The Political Science Clique had great influence on the government system design and administrative operation in the Nanjing National Government period. ZHANG Qun, as the core character of the Political Science Clique, in his governance of the Sichuan province, advoca- ted research on government affairs and implement improvements as well as a political and admin- istrative idea of equal emphasis on law and personnel. In order to improve the local administrative efficiency, he pursued the principle of ＂simple government＂ and practiced ＂the vertical and hori- zontal contact＂ administrative remedy measures. His administrative concept and practice reflected the times and modernity, and also had a certain impact on the system. In the eyes of Chiang Kai- shek, Sichuan province became a model of democratic construction. All of these reflected the ef- forts of the Political Science Clique in the administrative modernization, which is famous for the scholar bureaucrat. However, the administrative effectiveness had not reached the expected tar- get, mainly because of the limitation of Zhang＇s thoughts. A modern idea or organization cannot be possibly set upl on the old foundation.