救国与娱乐:抗战时期成都戏曲行业面临的舆论压力及其应对

Save the Nation or Entertainment:the Pressure of Public Opinion and Its Response to the Traditional Opera in Chengdu in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

抗战爆发后,戏曲作为成都大众主要娱乐方式,面临着地方报纸以"救国"为名义的强烈批评,戏院被建构成一种与"救国"话语相对立的形象。在"救国"话语的压力下,成都的戏曲行业一方面以演出"抗敌"戏曲来遮蔽其"娱乐"性质,另一方面则以参与募捐来化解"救国"与"娱乐"的对立。然而,戏曲行业的相关努力,无法扭转大众娱乐在社会舆论中的不利处境。以"救国"的名义,大众娱乐被改变了,但这种改变终究有一定限度。因为传统戏曲为大众提供娱乐休闲的基本作用一旦消失,传统戏曲的生存必将面临危机。

As the major public entertainment in Chengdu, the traditional opera was facing a strong criticism in the name of national salvation from the local newspapers after the outbreak of anti-Japanese War. The theater was constructed as an opposite side of the national salvation. Un- der the pressure of national salvation discourse, the traditional opera industry in Chengdu tried hard to perform the anti-Japanese opera on one hand, in order to mask its entertainment proper- ty. On the other hand, they also devote to the raise funds to resolve the conflict between national salvation and entertainment. However, all the exertion couldn＇t reverse the unfavorable situation in the public opinion. In the name of national salvation, public entertainment was changed, but this change was limited. The entertainment, as the basic function of the traditional opera, was once changed; the traditional opera may face a crisis of survival.