南京市大学生无偿献血现状及宣传干预手段调查研究

Study on the current situation and the promotion of voluntary blood donation among students in Nanjing University

目的对南京市大学生无偿献血的现状及其影响因素进行调查分析,在此基础上研究多元化宣传干预手段对无偿献血大学生献血意愿和相关知识知晓率的影响。方法采用问卷调查的形式分2阶段进行,第一阶段以班级为单位,随机抽取南京市10所高校的1 000名大学生作为研究对象,对无偿献血的基本情况进行调查,将调查结果进行统计分析;第二阶段针对第一阶段中大二、大三班级进行多元化宣传干预(网络宣传、专家讲座、宣传册、已献血者现身说法等),比较干预前后献血意愿和相关知识知晓率。结果南京市无偿献血大学生中,男生的献血率(29%)高于女生、大三的献血率(37%)高于其他年级、医学生的献血率(28%)高于其他专业,具有统计学差异;无私奉献、回报社会(27.4%)是主要的献血原因;害怕感染疾病、损害健康(26.3%)是主要的未献血原因;网络信息(20.9%)是主要的获取信息途径;干预后研究对象献血知识知晓率、献血意愿百分比均明显高于干预前(P<0.01)。结论应加大高校无偿献血的宣传力度,采取多元化宣传干预措施能有效提高无偿献血知识知晓率和献血意愿,有利于无偿献血工作在大学生群体中的可持续发展。

Objective To study the status and influencing factors on voluntary blood donation among students in Nanjing University,and to explore the effect of diversified interventions on their awareness and willingness to donate blood.Methods The study was carried out in two stages： the first stage involved a questionnaire survey that was conducted among1 000 university students from ten universities. The current situation on voluntary blood donation among Nanjing university students and influencing factors were analyzed; the second stage involved promotion and interventions,which included the network promotion,expert lectures and brochures on voluntary blood donation and targeted sophomores and juniors for one year. Afterwards,a questionnaire was carried out to compare their current willingness to donate blood donation and their awareness with prior results. Results From the study,the rate of blood donation of Nanjing university students was found to be low. The blood donation rate of male students（ 29%） was higher than girls. Juniors＇ blood donation rate（ 37%） was higher than other grade levels. The blood donation rate of medical students（ 28%） was significantly higher than other professionals with statistical difference. Selfless dedication and contribution to society（ 27. 4%） constituted the main causes for blood donation,while the fear of infection,damage to health（ 26. 3%） constituted the main causes for rejecting blood donation. Network information（ 20. 9%） was reported to be the main access to information. After intervention,improved awareness on blood donation and willingness to donate was observed. Conclusion Blood donation promotion should be strengthened among university students. Diversified intervention measures can effectively improve the awareness of blood donation and willingness to donate blood,which allows sustainable development of blood donation among university students.