美国北极事务中阿拉斯加州与联邦政府的合作与博弈

Cooperation and Competition between Alaska and the Federal Government in U.S. Arctic Affairs

阿拉斯加在美国北极战略中占有重要地位,为美国提供能源保障和军事支持,同时为美国北极权益主张提供客观基础。阿拉斯加州与美国联邦政府在开发北极方面存在诸多不同意见,尤其表现在北极开发优先议程的设置、环境保护和对待原住民群体权益等方面。尽管如此,北极开发离不开联邦政府和阿拉斯加州的合作。双方在北极开发中拥有众多共同利益:维护美国在北极利益;加强阿拉斯加州基础设施建设;促进北极科学开发等。在美国宪政体系下,美国北极开发不得不面临联邦政府同阿拉斯加州政府的博弈,双方将在维护共同利益的基础上进行合作。

The state of Alaska is very important in U.S. Arctic strategy.Alaska is an important energy source and military base for the U.S.,and is the basis for U.S. Arctic interests.Alaska and the federal government have different opinions in resource development,priorities in agenda-setting,environmental protection,and the treatment of Alaska native people.However,the development of the Arctic depends on cooperation between the state of Alaska and the federal government because they share many common goals in safeguarding U.S.national interests,building better infrastructures,and promoting science development,etc.Under the U.S. constitutional system,the development in U.S. Arctic is under the tug-of-war between the state of Alaska and the federal government.