输血前感染性指标检测对患者输血感染的影响研究

Influence of detection of infection indicators before blood transfusion on blood transfusion infections

目的探讨输血前感染性指标检测对输血感染的影响,为临床血液病感染的预防控制及减少医疗纠纷提供参考。方法选择2012年6月-2015年6月于医院拟接受输血1 300例患者进行输血前感染性指标检测,包括乙型肝炎病毒五项标志物、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、苍白密螺旋体(抗-TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV);采用酶免疫分析法对所有患者进行输血前8项检测,以了解患者输血前的感染情况。结果在输血感染性指标检测中HBsAb的阳性率最高占21.69%,其次为HBsAg占10.85%。患者存在2种或3种重叠感染模式,其中以HBsAb+HBeAb的重叠感染模式所占比例最高共26例占2.00%,其次为HBsAg+HBsAb+HBcAb的重叠感染模式,共24例占1.85%。不同年龄段患者HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强对输血前7项感染性指标的检测不仅提高患者的输血安全性、发现潜在疾病,还能降低院内交叉感染以及医疗纠纷的发生,在临床上具有重要意义。

OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of detection of infection indicators before blood transfusion on blood transfusion infection so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and control of the blood infection and reduce medical disputes.METHODS The pre-transfusion infection indicators were detected for 1 300 patients who were supposed to receive the blood transfusion in the hospital from Jun 2012 to Jun 2015,including five markers of hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus（HCV）,total protein（TP）,and human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）.The8 indicators were detected for all the patients before blood transfusion by using enzyme immunoassay so as to understand the incidence of infection before the blood transfusion.RESULTS Among the infection indicators that were detected before the blood transfusion,the positive rate of HBsAb was the highest（21.69%）,followed by HBsAg（10.85%）.The patients presented 2or 3modes of superinfections;there were 26（2.00%）patients with HBsAb plus HBeAb pattern of superinfection and 24（1.85%）patients with HBsAg plus HBsAb plus HBcAb pattern of superinfection.There was significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,or HBcAb among the patients in different age groups（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION It is of great significance to strengthen the detection of 7infection indicators before the blood transfusion so as to improve the safety of blood transfusion,identify potential diseases,and reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired cross infection as well as medical disputes.