宋元禅宗十二时歌的书写方式与宗教意图

Twelve-Hour Chan Songs of the Song and Yuan Dynasties:Its Writing and Religious Purpose

宝志与赵州的十二时歌对于宋元禅宗十二时歌的写作具有典范作用。宋元禅宗十二时歌在形式上延续了赵州十二时歌因时而异的写作模式,即在不同的时段中有不同的写作重点,子、丑、寅、卯开始具备真实的表时功能;在内容上吸收了宝志的讲禅说理与赵州的情景记录,即以一天十二时为线索,由当下情景展开说理、教化。宋元禅宗十二时歌文辞老练,典故频出,文学色彩浓厚,禅理精深微妙,与通俗浅显的唐代十二时歌大异其趣。十二时歌定格联章的形式,利于表现时间的流变,长于书写各个时段的修行体验,故禅林宗师多以之指导学子的修行实践,告诉他们十二时中如何修行、如何保任,才能在刹那变化的时间中证悟恒常不变的自性。

Bao Zhi and Zhao Zhou wrote their twelve-hour songs that became the representatives of chan writing in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The Song and Yuan songs carried out the writing mode of Zhao Zhou＇ s twelve-hour songs featuring various styles in different hours, sophisticated diction, frequent allusions, intensive literary color, subtle and deep Zen rules, so these made it more interesting, compared with the twelvehour songs in the Tang Dynasty. The twelve-hour songs with its fixed pattern preferred to show the changes of time and express the experience of each periods of time, and Buddhist masters often guided their students＇ practice and told them how to practice in the twelve hours and how to chase and comprehend their own eternal nature in momentary period.