武汉地区梨瘿蚊生物学特性及其种群动态变化研究

Study on Biological Characteristic and Population Dynamics of Dasineura pyrivora Bouche in Wuhan

以梨瘿蚊为研究对象,采用显微观察及田间统计方法,调查了梨瘿蚊的危害症状,梨瘿蚊卵、幼虫、成虫的形态特征及其产卵习性等生物学特性,系统研究了梨瘿蚊成虫种群和幼虫种群动态变化及梨园天敌昆虫的动态变化。结果表明：梨瘿蚊在湖北省梨产区1年发生3代,越冬代成虫羽化出土时间周期较长,从2月下旬出土,一直持续到3月下旬羽化达到高峰,梨瘿蚊幼虫种群在1年中出现3次危害高峰,危害高峰在梨瘿蚊成虫羽化后20-30d后出现;当环境温度高于30℃时,梨瘿蚊幼虫结茧化蛹,不再羽化;梨园中梨瘿蚊的天敌昆虫的种类主要包括草蛉、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、食蚜蝇、蜘蛛和蚂蚁等。

Taking Dasineura pyrivora Bouche as test object,using microscopy and field statistics methods,the damage symptoms,morphological characteristics of its egg,larvae and adult were illustrated,its biological characteristics,such as spawning behavior,the population dynamics of the pear midge and its natural enemies were systemically investigated as well.The results showed that three generations of pear midge occured every year in pear-production area in Hubei Province,the period of the overwintering generation adult emergence lasted for a longer time,which began from late February and reached the emergence peak on late March.There were three damage peaks caused by the larvae population of pear midge per year,which happened 20—30days after the adult emergence.The larvae developed into pupae when the temperature was higher than 30 ℃.The natural insect enemies of pear midge mainly included Chrysopa,Harmonia axyridis,Propylaea japonica,Syrphus fly,spider and ant.