道德责任是如何可能的——自由论的解释及其问题

How Moral Responsibility Is Possible: On the Theory and the Problems of Libertarianism

在当代政治哲学和道德哲学中,道德责任是一个关键概念。人们通常认为,道德责任依赖于自由:只有人是自由的,他们对自己的行为才负有道德责任。但是,从决定论的观点看,人不是自由的。这样便产生一个重大的道德理论问题:自由(以及道德责任)与决定论是不是相容的?一些哲学家主张自由与决定论是相容的,而另外一些哲学家则认为两者是不相容的。后者的观点通常被称为"自由论"。自由论为"不相容论"提供了经典论证,并且深入地探讨了自由与道德责任的关系。但是分析和批评表明,自由论的观点和论证存在一些困难。

M oral responsibility is a key concept in contemporary moral philosophy. People often hold that moral responsibility depends on freedom,that is,only persons are free,they can bear moral responsibility for their behaviors.But view ing from the perspective of determinism,persons are not free. So there is an important question of moral theory : is freedom( or moral responsibility) and determinism compatible? Some philosophers think both are compatible,but other philosophers believe that they are not. The view s of the latter usually are called libertarianism. Libertarianism provides the classical justification for incompatibilism,and explores deeply the relation of freedom and moral responsibility.But our analyses and critiques of libertarianism show that its conceptions and justifications have some problems.