医院高级实践助产士岗位内容分析和需求评估研究

Job analysis and needs assessment of advanced midwifery practitioners in the hospital

目的对医院所设的高级实践助产士（AMP）专科岗位进行深入的工作分析和需求评估。方法以需求评估结构框架为指导，采用关键知情人访谈、现场观察及助产士工作日志等多形式相结合方法收集上海市某三级甲等专科医院AMP岗位需求相关信息，用Colaizzi分析法对所得资料综合分析。结果AMP岗位需求评估结果归纳为“6W1H”式7个主题：①对本土概念的理解认识趋向一致；②服务对象以正常或低危孕产妇为主；③岗位内容包括专科评估、体格检查、健康教育、心理护理、追踪管理及科研教学；④工作范畴以产前为主，松散性串联产时产后；⑤实践形式突出“医生一助产士”并轨式门诊实践特点；⑥岗位实践环境配置单问诊室，设辅助仪器设施；⑦实践意义在于AMP岗位设置满足了孕妇信息需求和心理期待，提升了助产士从事高级实践活动的能力水平。结论现阶段医院AMP岗位实践处于雏形探索期但潜在需求量大，未来仍需要借助岗位需求评估框架持续完善岗位管理，逐步形成科学、规范的岗位说明，以有效指导医院AMP临床实践。

Objective To conduct in-depth job analysis and needs assessment on advanced midwifery practitioner （AMP） set up at a tertiary hospital. Methods The appraisal structure was designed by the needs assessment framework. Information on AMP＇s job needs was collected via in-depth interviews, field notes and midwives＇ diaries. Colaizzi analysis method was used to sort out and analyze all the data. Results Seven themes through AMP＇s job needs assessment were presented in the form of ＂6W1H＂ , including.. （1） who was AMP; （2） whom did AMP serve; （3） what was AMP＇s job content; （4） what scope did AMP work in; （5） how was the AMP＇s practice model; （6） where was the practical site; （7） why was the job post launched. Conclusions AMP practice at current stage is in its embryonic form of exploration but with huge potential demand, which still needs to be improved using the needs assessment framework so that a scientific and standard job description can be formed to guide the AMP clinical practice.