略论《中原音韵》入声的数量和韵尾特点

On the Features of Entering Tone and Tail Vowel in Phonetic Rhyme in Central China

《中原音韵》是元代的一部关于北曲创作的著作,由著名戏曲家周德清编撰。《中原音韵》对于研究元代汉语语音情况,比如元代的汉语共同语是否有入声等等,均有重要参考价值。作者曾撰文指出,《中原音韵》时代的汉语共同语是有入声的。本文在此基础上,进一步讨论了《中原音韵》时代汉语共同语中入声的数量和韵尾问题,指出:第一,《中原音韵》时代的汉语共同语至少有三类入声,很可能有四类入声。第二,在《中原音韵》时代,汉语共同语的入声韵没有-p、-t、-k尾,只有-?尾。这个-?尾也已大为弱化,只剩下一种轻微的"唯闭"作用。

Phonetic Rhyme in Central China is compiled by Zhou Deqing on the composition of Northern Opera. Phonetic Rhyme in Central China is of great value for the research on phonetic patterns of Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty, like whether there were entering tones. As has been previously men- tioned, there were entering tones in Chinese common language. Further discussion is carried out about the quantity of entering tones and tail vowels in the Chinese common language when Phonetic Rhyme in Central China appeared. The findings are as follows： first, there are at least three, probably four, ente- ring tones in the Yuan Dynasty; second, at that time there are no ＂ -p, -t, -k＂ tail tones in entering tones in Chinese common language and ＂ -？＂ tail vowel changed from crackin~ into only closed sauna