商业用户电能采暖替代技术选型的边界条件论证

Argument on Boundary Conditions of Selection Electric Energy Substitution Technologies with Electric Heating for Commercial Customers

商业用户电能替代主要是电采暖替代传统燃煤锅炉供暖,主流技术选型有二:一是夏季用冷水机组(WCU)制冷、冬季配置蓄热式电锅炉(HSEB)供暖系统;二是采用兼具供暖、制冷功能的地源热泵(GSHP)系统。为掌握两类系统适用的边界条件,在建立成本模型和运行约束条件的基础上,提出一种以两类系统成本偏差最小为目标、直接求解边界条件的优化模型。对天津市综合性办公楼用户群测算边界条件并做摄动分析,结果表明:对特定地区特定用户群,决定两类系统适用性的边界条件参量是夏、冬季最大冷/热负荷比值和利用小时数;拉大峰谷价比或在大昼夜温差地区HSEB+WCU系统更具经济优势,抬高需量电价或对无热水需求的全天供暖/制冷用户则选择GHSP系统有利。

The main form of electric energy substitution for commercial customers is to replace the traditional coal-fired boilers with the electric ones. There are two primary options for electric heating. One is to install a system including a water chilling unit （WCU） for cooling in summer and a heat storage electric boiler （HSEB） for heating in winter. The other one is to install a system including a sole ground source heat pump （GSHP） for both cooling and heating purposes. In order to figure out the boundary conditions of the feasibility of these two different systems, an optimization model with the objective of minimizing the cost difference between these two systems is further proposed to directly solve the boundary conditions, based on the cost functions and operational constraints. Case studies and perturbation analysis are applied towards the comprehensive office buildings in Tianjin. The results show that the feasibility boundary conditions of electric heating technologies include the ratio of maximum summer cooling load and maximum winter heating load and the utilization hours for specific customers in a specific area. The HSEB-}-WCU system is more economic {or areas with large peak-to-valley price ratios or with large diurnal temperature differences, while for those with high demand charges or those with no hot water supply but whole-day heating/ cooling demand, the GSHP system is more preponderant.