某供电企业员工不同模式职业紧张状况及影响因素分析

Evaluating the level of occupational stress and its influence factors among employees in a power supply enterprise with different models

目的了解供电企业员工职业紧张状况,分析其影响因素。方法采用整群分层随机抽样方法,以某供电企业251名员工为研究对象,分别采用《简明职业紧张问卷》和中文版《付出-回报失衡(ERI)问卷》调查其工作要求-自主(JDC)和ERI模式职业紧张情况,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 251名研究对象中,JDC及ERI模式高职业紧张检出率分别为74.5%(187/251)和22.7%(57/251);JDC模式高职业紧张检出率高于ERI模式(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于发生JDC模式高职业紧张的风险,已婚者高于单身者(P<0.05),日工作时间>8 h者高于日工作时间≤8 h者(P<0.05);对于发生ERI模式高职业紧张的风险,男性高于女性(P<0.05)。结论该供电企业工作人员职业紧张以JDC模式职业紧张为主;其职业紧张发生的主要影响因素包括婚姻状况、日工作时间和性别。

Objective To investigate the occupational stress level and its influencing factors among employees in a power supply enterprise. Methods By cluster stratified random sampling method,251 workers in a power supply enterprise were selected as study subjects. The Simple Occupational Stress Questionnaire and the Chinese version of Effort-Reward Imbalance（ ERI） Questionnaire were used to investigate and evaluate their job demand-control（ JDC） and ERI occupational stress situation respectively. The related influencing factors were analyzed. Results Among the 251 workers,the positive rates of JDC high occupational stress and ERI high occupational stress were 74. 5%（ 187 /251） and 22. 7%（ 57 /251）,respectively. The positive rate of JDC high occupational stress was higher than that of ERI occupational stress（ P〈0. 01）. The multivariate logistic analysis results indicated the risk of JDC high occupational stress in married workers was higher than that in single workers（ P〈0. 05）,workers with day-time working 8 hours had higher risk of JDC high occupational stress than those workers with day-time working ≤8 hours（ P〈0. 05）. The male workers had higher risk of ERI high occupational stress than female workers（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The main occupational stress model of workers in the power supply enterprise is the JDC model. The main influencing factors were marital status,day-time working hours and gender.