科学家与产业合作的矛盾心理及其影响

Scientist's ambivalence of collaborating with industry and its impacts on innovation

本文选择矛盾心理这一社会心理学分析视角,首次提出科学家与产业合作的矛盾心理这一概念,并据此在合作创新的制度环境与微观行为之间建立起关联,拓展了跨学科讨论创新政策作用机制的研究。文中对科学家矛盾心理产生的主客观条件进行了深刻剖析,围绕矛盾心理对科学家与产业合作的行为选择的影响以及领导支持对矛盾心理与合作行为之间关系的影响进行了理论建构。论文在中科院下属获得产业界横向经费较多的前30家研究所中选取2854名科学家为样本展开验证分析。实证研究发现,矛盾心理程度越高的科学家,越不会与产业合作;科学家所在单位的领导者对科学家的矛盾心理和合作创新之间的关系发挥调节作用:如果领导比较支持产学研合作,则能够显著弱化矛盾心理对合作创新的消极影响。本文的研究发现对于政策制定具有两点重要启示:第一,从降低矛盾心理出发,关注创新政策的配套和衔接,避免逻辑上对立的政策打包共同作用于政策对象,造成政策对象的心理矛盾状态。第二,从激励科学家个人转向更加关注科研组织建设。组织已被证明比个人更长于应对协调张力和降低矛盾心理,所以,建立现代科研院所制度,发展出二元型科研组织——一方面开展探索性的基础前沿研究、另一方面开展面向产业需求的应用研究,应是深化科技体制改革的重中之重。

The paper introduces the concept of ambivalent attitudes when scientists are involved in industry linkages, and analyzes the impact of scientists＇ ambivalent perceptions on their cooperation with industries and the moderating effect of leadership support. Based on a sample of 2,854 scientists from the top 30 institutes at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the amount of funding from industry linkages, the paper finds that the more ambivalent scientists are about industry linkages, the less cooperation they have with industries. Moreover, leadership support moderates the relationship between ambivalent attitudes and scientists＇ cooperation with industries, in the sense that stronger leadership support weakens the negative effect of ambivalence on scientists＇ cooperation with industries. The paper has two important implications for public policies. First, policy - makers need to avoid contradicting policies which tend to increase sci- entists＇ ambivalent attitudes towards industry linkages. Second, policy - makers need to switch their effort from focusing on motivating individual scientists to building supportive scientific institutions. The reform of scientific and technological institutions should place paramount emphasis on establishing ambidextrous institutions which will promote both exploratory basic research and industry - oriented applied research.