职业性噪声对接触人群听力影响的4年随访

Effect of hearing of the workers exposed to occupational noise during 4-years follow-up

目的研究某纱线厂接触职业性噪声的作业人员随访4年前后纯音听力等的变化。方法采用整群调查的方法,检测某纱线厂接触职业性噪声的320名作业人员的双耳纯音听力、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血常规、尿常规、血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、心电图。结果 270名作业人员完成4年随访,随访前听力异常组的工龄、年龄和舒张压明显高于听力正常组(P<0.05)。随访后听力异常的例数比随访前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。经Spearman相关分析,随访前噪声对听力的损伤与工龄(r=0.208,P<0.01)、年龄(r=0.164,P<0.01)、舒张压(r=0.157,P<0.05)呈正相关,线性逐步回归显示工龄是作业人员听力损伤的独立危险因素。结论接触职业性噪声的作业人员,听力损伤者的工龄、年龄和舒张压明显增高,随着接触噪声工龄的增加,作业人员听力损失的人数明显增加,工龄延长是引起职业性听力损伤的重要危险因素。

Objective To research the changes of pure tone hearing of workers in a yarn factory exposed to occupational noise during 4-years follow-up.Methods By using the method of cluster survey,the binaural hearing,systolic blood pressure（SBP）,diastolic blood pressure（DBP）,tests of blood routine and urine routine,serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）and electrocardiogram were determined in 320 workers in a yarn factory.270 workers completed the follow-up after 4years.Results Working-years,age and DBP in the abnormal hearing group were significantly higher than that of normal hearing group before follow-up（P〈0.05）.Four years later,the cases of hearing impairment in the abnormal hearing group significantly increased（P〈0.01）.By Spearman analysis,hearing impairment was positively related to working-years（r=0.208,P〈0.01）,age（r=0.164,P〈0.01）and DBP（r=0.157,P〈0.05）before follow-up.Linear stepwise regression revealed that working-years was an independent risk factor for the hearing impairment.Conclusions Working-years,age and DBP were significantly increased in the hearing impaired subjects.With increasing working-years,hearing impairment of the workers exposed to noise increased significantly.working-years was an important risk factor for hearing impairment.