视屏显示终端作业人员职业倦怠及其影响因素的调查研究

Investigation of job burnout and its impacted factors among video display terminal operators

目的通过对特殊自然环境下视屏显示终端(VDT)作业人员的问卷调查,了解VDT作业人员的职业倦怠状况及其影响因素。方法采用职业倦怠问卷(CMBI)、工作紧张测量问卷(JSS)、社会支持评定量表和SF-36量表通过分层整群抽样的方法,抽取VDT作业人员301人为调查对象。结果年龄≤30组职业倦怠总分、耗竭维度、人格解体维度均高于年龄>30岁组(P<0.05);工龄≤5a组职业倦怠总分、人格解体维度均高于工龄>5a组,(P<0.05);不同学历组间耗竭维度比较,得分由高到低依次为大专组、本科及以上组、高中及以下组(P<0.05)。且大专组与高中及以下组比较,大专组与本科及以上组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职称组间人格解体维度比较,得分由高到低依次为中级职称组、副高级及以上职称组、初级职称组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且中级职称组与初级职称组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);未婚及离婚组耗竭维度得分高于已婚组(P<0.05);月薪≤3 000元组职业倦怠总分、耗竭维度高于月薪>3 000元组(P<0.05)。不同企业间职业倦怠总分、耗竭维度和人格解体维度比较,得分由高到低依次为丙、乙、甲(P<0.05)。且甲企业与丙企业比较,乙企业与丙企业比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄、工龄、月薪、生理健康、心理健康、职业生命质量和社会支持总分与职业倦怠呈负相关,职业紧张指数、工作压力指数和组织支持缺乏指数与职业倦怠呈正相关。结论 VDT作业人员的职业倦怠水平较高。职业生命质量、职业紧张指数、工龄和职称为主要影响职业倦怠的因素。

Objective To understand their level of job burnout and its influencing factors through investigating video display terminal（VDT） operators who worked in special natrual environment.Methods According to the distance from the work place to the prefecture-level city,three subordinate enterprises＇ 301 VDT operators were investigated using the CMBI,SSRS,JSS and SF-36 questionnaire by stratified cluster random sampling.Results the level of burnout scores, emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,in the group aged ≤30years were higher than that in the group aged〉30years（P〈0.05）.The level of burnout scores,depersonalization in the groups of length of service≤5years were higher than that in the groups of length of service〉5years,（P〈0.05）.The scores of the emotional exhaustion from high to low were the groups with bachelor degree or above,the junior college level,high school and the following group（P〈0.05）.And there was statistically significant differences between college group and high school and lower group,college group and bachelor degree and above group（P〈0.05）.The scores of the level of depersonalization from high to low were the intermediate title group,the deputy high and above titles,primary title group,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Compared the scores between the intermediate title group and the primary title group,the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）., The score of the emotional exhaustion in unmarried and divorced group was higher than that in the married group（P〈0.05）.The level of burnout scores and emotional exhaustion in the group of salary≤3 000 yuan were higher than that in the group of salary3 000yuan（P〈0.05）.The scores of the level of burnout,emotional exhaustion,and depersonalization from high to low were enterprises C,B,A（P〈0.05）.And compared enterprise A with enterprise C,compared enterprise B with enterprise C,the difference had statistical significance（P〈0.05）.Age,length of service,salary,physical health,psychological health,quality of working life and social support were negatively correlated with job burnout.Occupational stress index,work pressure index and lack of organizational support index were positively correlated with job burnout.Conclusions VDT workers under special environment had high level of job burnout.Quality of working life,occupational stress index,length of service and title of a technical post were the main factors of job burnout.