全球价值链视角下中国对其它金砖国家贸易结构演变研究

Analysis of Characteristics of Chinese Trade Structure to Other BRIC Countries from the Perspective of Global Value Chain

中国与其它金砖国家之间的贸易一直保持着快速增长的势头，但当前全球经贸发展格局下．一国竞争优势已不再取决于规模，而是在全球价值链中获取附加价值的能力，因此重新审视这种增长背后的真实结构至关重要。文章采用Koopman（2014）出口分解方法，测算了1995～2011年中国对俄罗斯，巴西和印度出口结构演变特征。结果显示：中国对上述国家的主要出口产品虽然实现了从以食品、矿物燃料产品等初级制成品向精加工型工业制成品的转变，但是各行业出口所包含的国内增加值以最终产品形式出口份额较小，以中间产品形式出口相对偏高，同时国外增加值和重复计算份额居高不下。从长远来看，这种出口结构不符合我国创新发展战略，我国企业必须最大限度地吸收和利用全球高级生产要素，发展和延长国内价值链，加强零部件自主创新能力，推动贸易结构全面升级。

The trade between China and the other BRIC countries has maintained a rapid growth, and the competitive advantage of a country no longer depends on its size but its ability to obtain additional value in global value chains. Hence we need to re-examine the real trade structure behind this growth. This paper studies the structure characteristics of China＇s exports to Russia, Brazil and India. The results show that from 1995 to 2011, China＇ s exports transformed from primary manufactures to finished industrial manufactures. However, the added value of domestic exports of Chinese industries included in the final product is small, and the intermediate product in the form of exports is relatively high, while the proportion of foreign added value and double counting is also quite high. In the long term, this export structure does not comply with our innovative development strategy, so China must build new competitive advantages, and promote the upgrading of trade structure.