靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的治疗进展及风险

Therapies and cautions of targeting tumor-associated macrophages

巨噬细胞是肿瘤微环境中数量最多的成员,对肿瘤的发生发展起很大的作用。巨噬细胞具有抗肿瘤生长的M1亚型和促肿瘤生长的M2亚型。M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor associated macrophages,TAM)具有促肿瘤血管形成、侵袭及转移、肿瘤增殖、诱导肿瘤耐药、引起机体免疫抑制的作用,同时单核细胞或巨噬细胞极化为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)的机制逐渐被揭开。随着TAM的减少,杀伤性T细胞浸润肿瘤杀伤肿瘤细胞产生抗肿瘤作用。本文主要概述靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的单克隆抗体和小分子化合物、免疫抑制剂、纳米制剂、天然产物以及治疗中需注意的风险。

Macrophages are the most abundant members of tumor microenvironment and play a significant role in the development of tumors. Macrophages have two subtypes： classically activated mac- rophages （M1） show anti-tumor functions whereas alternatively activated macrophages （M2） show protumor functions. The mechanism of monocyte or macrophage polarization to tumor-associated macrophages （TAM） has gradually been discovered. With the decrease of TAM, killer T cells invade into tumor and perform an anti-tumor effect. This paper summarized the therapies and cautions of monoclonal antibodies, small molecule compounds, immune inhibitors, nano preparations and natural medicines for targeting TAMs.