返库移民的“黑户”岁月——以陆山水库伊北村返迁移民为例

Life of Illegal Residents After Returning to Reservoir Area——Research on Returning Immigrants in Yibei Village of Lushan Reservoir

陆山水库返迁移民自1977年返库以来,历经30余年的"黑户"生活。未得到政府允许的返迁移民在库区成为无户口、无宅基地、无耕地的"三无"群体。返库初期,凭借着亲缘关系网络的支持得以在库区落脚;返迁移民耕种库区的消落地、开荒地而无须缴纳税费,加之以手艺从事建筑行业或做生意,在库区逐渐稳定下来;返迁移民不受库区计划生育政策的约束,三孩及以上家庭占70%。国家对农村从"多取少予"到"多予少取"的转变时,返迁移民被排除在农村公共福利之外,身份合法化成为必须解决的问题。

From 1977,the migrants of Lushan reservoir returned to their hometown,and they have lived in the reservoir area without residence registration for more than 30 years.The returning immigrants didn＇t have residence cards,homestead and cultivated land because of draconian state polices.At the early time,the returning immigrants could stay in the villages with the social support of the relationships.As they had no residence registration,they could reclaim land without registration which did not need to pay taxes.And they were engaged in the construction or operated some small business.The returning immigrants have built a stable material base in life.When the other villagers were in the charge of one-child policy,on the contrary,the returning immigrants could procreate many children.Families raising more than three children accounted for 70%.In the period of state absorbing resources from villages,the returning immigrants lived a convenient life in reservoir area without residence registration.But when the state began to import many resources to build rural public welfare,the returning immigrants were excluded from the policy.Legalization of identity has become a problem that must be solved.