2013～2014年青岛地区铁路职工心脑血管疾病流行特征调查

Survey on the epidemiological characteristics of cardiocerebrovascular diseases among railway workers,Qingdao area,2013-2014

目的了解青岛地区铁路职工心脑血管疾病流行特征，为疾病防治提供科学依据。方法收集2013～2014年青岛地区铁路职工健康体检资料，并开展问卷调查。结果调查青岛地区铁路职工5680人，心脑血管疾病患病503例，患病率为8．86％。其中高血压患病392人次，患病率为6．90％；冠心病患病81人次，患病率为1．43％；脑血管病患病30人次，患病率为0．53％。铁路职工心脑血管疾病患病率随着年龄增长而增高（P〈0．01），男性高于女性（P〈0．01），随着文化程度增高患病率降低（P〈0．01），离婚和丧偶职工心脑血管疾病患病率均高于未婚和已婚（P〈0．01），机车驾驶与维护组和电力检修与维护组男性心脑血管疾病患病率高于女职工（P〈0．05）。男职工的心脑血管疾病危险因素异常率和聚集并存率明显高于女职工（P〈0．01）。486例患病职工接受调查，其心脑血管疾病知晓率较高（84．98%），其次是行为疗法（84．57％），但是自行服药（32．72％）和医院治疗（10．29％）比较低。结论青岛地区铁路职工心脑血管疾病患病率较低，心脑血管疾病的知晓率、治疗率和控制率较高。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of cardiocerebrovascular diseases among railway employees in Qingdao area,so as to provide scientific basis for their control. Methods Health examination data in 2013- 2014 among railway employees in Qingdao area were collected and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Results The patients with cardiocerebrovaseular diseases were 503 and the prevalence was 8.86% among railway employees in Qingdao area. Among them, the prevalence of hypertension was 6.90 % （392/503）, that of coronary heart disease was 1.43 % （81/ 503）,and that of cerebrovascular disease was 0.53 % （30/503）. The prevalence of eardiocerebrovascular diseases was rising with increasing age （ P 〈0.01） ,higher in men than women （ P 〈0.01） ,and falling with increasing educational level （ P 〈0.01） ,and higher in divorced or widowed workers than that in unmarried and married workers （ P 〈0.01 ）. Higher in men of locomotive driving or its maintenance group and in electricity repair and maintenance group, the cardiocerebrovascular disease prevalence was higher in men than that in women workers （ P 〈0.05）. The abnormal rate of risk factors in cardiocerebrovascular disease and aggregation coexist rate was significantly higher in male workers than that in female workers （ P 〈0.01）. Among 486 workers surveyed,their awareness rate about cardiocerebrovascular diseases was higher （84.98 % ）, followed by behavioral therapy （84.57 % ）, however their self-medication was only 32.72 % and hospitalization was 10.29 %. Conclusion The prevalence of cardiocerebrovascular diseases is lower among railway employees in Qingdao area, with a higher awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate.