马克思主义方法论视野下的我国农民工回流问题

The Problem of the Return of Migrant Workers Viewed by Marxist Methodology

以马克思主义方法论来考察人口流动问题,就是坚持用唯物史观和唯物辩证法来观察现实,是研究我国农民工回流问题的重要理论工具。人口学、经济学分别从人口迁移、劳动力配置的视角出发来研究人口流动问题,却都存在着明显的局限性。农民工回流的诸多影响因素中户籍制度障碍、政府的政策效应、城镇和农村经济形势的变化、工资待遇和工作环境等是农民工回流的外部社会原因,年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、性别、健康状况、技能和家庭事件等是农民工回流的个体原因,农民工回流即是这两种因素交织作用的结果。在社会个体化的时代背景下,回流是农民工自主性的一种体现。虽然城乡户籍制度的二元区隔在很大程度上造成了农民工的回流,但是城市经济社会发展的特殊阶段以及农民工对现实的考量才是回流产生的根本原因。主动回流与被动回流给农村社区带来的影响是不同的,如何将这种农民工回流的能量转化为推动乡村发展的动力与智力,需要制度扶持和政策引导。

Using Marx＇ s methodology to investigate population mobility is to adhere to historical materialism and materialist dialectics to observe reality, which is an important theoretical tool for the study of China＇ s migrant workers ＇ flowing back. Demographic studies focus the problem of population mobility in the perspective of population migration, while e- conomic studies in labor force allocation perspective, but there are obvious limitations. Age, education level, marital sta- tus, gender, health status, skills and family events are intrinsic causes for the returning of migrant workers, while the obstacles to the household registration system, the government＇ s policy effect, urban and agricultural economic condi- tions, wages and working environment are external social causes of the migrant workers＇ flowing back. The return of mi- grant workers results from the two kinds of causes intertwined. Migrant workers＇ flowing back is a kind of embodiment of autonomy of the migrant workers. Despite the household registration system in urban and rural areas, which is a symptom of the binary regional segment to a large extent caused the return of migrant workers, consideration of reality in the city＇ s economic and social development of a special stage is the root cause why migrant workers have chosen to return. The effect of active and passive return to rural community is different. How to transform the return of migrant workers＇ energy into power and intelligence to promote rural development needs supporting system and policy guide.