八种生成学习策略

Eight Ways to Promote Generative Learning

生成学习意味着学习者会积极尝试去理解所呈现的材料内容。学习者会通过在学习时对所呈现材料进行相关部分的"选择",在工作记忆中进行心理表征的"组织",再将所组织的材料与长时记忆中激活的已有知识进行"整合",以此实现知识的掌握并能将其运用到新的情境中。本文总结了在特定情境下能够有效促进生成学习的八种策略:善作小结、结构映射、绘制图示、联想要义、自我检查、自我解释、乐于教人与生动再现。本文首先简要地概述生成学习理论,其次阐述每一种生成学习策略,最后则探讨生成学习对研究学习科学的重要意义。

Generative learning involves actively making sense of materials presented.Learners will choose relevant parts of the presented materials and mentally reorganize them in working memory,which will then be integrated with existing knowledge activated in the long-term memory.In this way,knowledge can be mastered and applied to new situations.This essay presents eight strategies to effectively promote generative learning under special circumstances,summarizing,mapping,drawing,imagining,self-testing,self-explanation,teaching and re-enacting.First,we provide an overview of generative learning theory.Next,we provide a description of each of the eight generative learning strategies.Finally,we discuss the implications of generative learning for the science of learning.