一期开放手术加升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路术治疗主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏疾病效果观察

One-stage surgery for aortic coarctation in adults with concurrent cardiac disease through the ascending aorta to bilateral external iliac arteries bypass

目的：评价主动脉缩窄（ CoA）合并其他心脏疾病患者在开放心脏手术同期行升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路手术的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2010年3月—2014年7月阜外医院血管外科收治的36例CoA合并其他心脏疾病患者的临床资料。其中男24例,女12例；年龄25-63岁,平均39岁；上肢收缩压165 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,上下肢压差51 mmHg。36例患者均在开放心脏手术同期使用Y形人工血管行升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路术治疗,其中主动脉瓣替换8例,室间隔缺损修补6例,Bentall＇s术15例,Wheat＇s术7例。术后观察手术时间、术中出血量、重症监护治疗病房留观时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况、术后上肢血压和上下肢压差,以及术后早期病死率、术后人工血管通畅率及再手术率。对手术前后上肢收缩压及上下肢压差进行配对t检验。结果36例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间129-223 min,平均144 min；术中出血量250-700 mL,平均400 mL；重症监护治疗病房留观时间18-43 h,平均35 h；住院时间9-15 d,平均11 d。术后早期无死亡病例,无肾功能不全等并发症。术后第5天1例患者右侧人工血管血栓形成,其余患者人工血管血流通畅。术后第5天上肢收缩压（132±26） mmHg,上下肢平均压差（10±3） mmHg,均较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.322、3.193,P值均＜0.05）。术后36例患者均获随访,随访时间3-55个月,平均27个月。随访期间无一例死亡,上肢收缩压110-135 mmHg,上下肢压差5-12 mmHg,治疗有效率100%,无外科再干预。术后6-12个月行主动脉CTA复查,35例患者双侧人工血管血流通畅；1例术后即出现人工血管血栓形成的患者,随访期间血栓无明显变化,无新发血栓形成。结论 CoA合并心脏疾病患者在开放心脏手术同期行升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路术,简化了手术操作,减少了手术创伤,安全有效,是治疗CoA合并心脏疾病的一种选择。

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta（CoA） combined with other concomitant cardiac surgery through ascending aorta to bilateral external iliac artery bypass operation.Methods From March 2010 to July 2014,36 patients with CoA in Fuwai Hospital who were performed ascending aorta to bilateral iliac artery bypass operation combined with other cardiac surgery at one-stage were retrospectively studied. The age was from 25 to 63 years old, the average age was 39, among them, 24 males and 12 females. Average difference in blood pressure the upper and lower limb was （51±7） mmHg （1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa）and average systolic pressure of the upper limbs was （165 ± 32） mmHg. The following concomitant procedure were included： aortic valve replacement （8 patients）, ventricular septal defect repair （ 6 patients ） , Bentall＇s procedure （ 15 patients ） and Wheat＇s procedure （7 patients）. Y-shaped prosthetic vessel graft was used in bypass operation. Research contents after operation included the operation time, blood losing, ICU stay, hospital stay, postoperative complication,early mortality rate, patency rate of graft and rate of reoperation during follow-up. The preoperative and postoperative upper limb blood pressure and differential pressure of upper and lower limbs were analyzed by paired t test.Results All cases were operated uneventfully,operation time ranged from 129 to 223 min, 144 min in average. Blood losing ranged from 250 to 700 mL, average 400 mL, ICU stay 18 -46 hours, average 35 hours. Hospitalization period ranged from 9 to15 days, 11 days in average. There was no mortality at early post-operation stage, no complication as renal dysfunction or hepatic dysfunction occurred. All grafts were patent except one case that thrombosis emerged in prosthetic vessel graft on the fifth day after operation. The postoperative upper limb systolic pressure ranged from 118 to 142 mmHg,average（132 ± 26） mmHg （t=2. 322, P〈0. 05）. The average pressure difference of upper and lower limbs ranged from 5 to 15 mmHg, average（10 ± 3） mmHg （t =3. 193, P 〈0. 05）. Postoperative follow-up rate was 100%, postoperative follow-up time was 3-55 months, an average of 27 months. There were no mortality and no surgical intervention during the follow-up period. Aortic CT scan was achieved 6-12 months after operation, and 35 patients with bilateral prosthetic vessel unobstructed blood flow. The case that had thrombosis was observed no new thrombosis formation.Conclusions The ascending aorta to bilateral external iliac artery bypass operation combined with other concomitant cardiac surgery is an innovative surgical choice for CoA patient in adults with other cardiac defects. This approach not only simplifies the surgical procedure, reduces the surgical trauma and avoids two-stage surgical intervention, but also has a satisfactory efficacy.