西安城区3~6岁儿童超重/肥胖的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of overweight/obesity in children aged 3 to 6 in Xi'an City

目的了解西安市城区儿童超重/肥胖的影响因素,为制定干预措施提供理论依据。方法 2013年3至7月按照整群分层抽样的方式,在西安市城区抽取莲湖区、未央区和临潼区3岁及以上的超重/肥胖儿童701例,选择正常体重儿童765例进行对照研究。向抽取的儿童家长发放自行设计的问卷,利用enter法对问卷结果进行多因素Logistic回归模型分析。结果在两组儿童家庭情况中,超重/肥胖组儿童家庭收入、父亲和母亲超重率显著高于正常组,父亲受教育的程度低于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.291、1.390、1.445、1.538,均P<0.1)。超重/肥胖儿童食欲好,进食速度快,多为祖父母或保姆照顾,与正常组比较差异均有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.872、1.668、1.569,均P<0.05)。结论父母肥胖、家庭收入高、经常喝甜饮料、食欲好、进食速度快是儿童超重/肥胖的独立危险因素。父亲受教育程度高、代养人为父母是儿童超重/肥胖的保护因素。

Objective To get to know the influencing factors of overweight/obesity among children in Xi＇an City and to provide theoretical basis for intervention measures. Methods According to cluster stratified sampling,a total of 701 cases of overweight / obesity children aged3 or above were chosen as research objects from March to July in 2013. All the samples were extracted from Lianhu District,Weiyang District,and Lintong District of Xi＇an City. Another 765 cases of children of normal weight were chosen in control group. Children＇s parents were surveyed by using self-designed questionnaires. Besides,enter method was adopted to carry out a multiple Logistic regression analysis of the questionnaire results. Results As for the family background of children in both groups,the overweight / obesity group exceeded the control group in family income and overweight rate among their parents. Besides,the father＇s education level was lower in the overweight / obese group than the control group. The differences were statistically significant（ OR value was 1. 291,1. 390,1. 445,and1. 538,respectively,all P 〈0. 1）. Overweight / obese children usually had a good appetite,ate fast,and were taken care of by their grandparents or nannies. Statistical significance was identified when they were compared with children in the control group（ OR value was1. 872,1. 668,and 1. 569,respectively,all P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in children are overweight among parents,high family income,frequent consumption of sweetened beverage,good appetite,and eating fast. Fathers＇ high education level and children living with their natural parents are the protective factors of overweight / obesity in children.