极低出生体重婴幼儿发生宫外生长迟缓的危险性分析

Risk Factor Analysis of Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

目的:比较不同出生体重婴幼儿的生长特点,并分析影响极低出生体重婴幼儿发生宫外生长迟缓的危险因素。方法:回顾性调查2012年至2015年我院婴幼儿的临床资料,并按出生体重分成极低出生体重组和对照组,比较不同组别婴幼儿的差异性并采用logistics回归分析极低出生体重婴幼儿发生宫外生长迟缓的危险因素。结果:本次研究共收集婴幼儿200例,其中极低出生体重组118例,对照组82例,两组婴幼儿在胎龄、是否存在FGR或EUGR、首次接受肠内营养的时间、住院天数和出院时体重增长量上存在统计学差异,表现为极低出生体重组的婴幼儿的胎龄要小于对照组婴幼儿,且住院天数、首次接受肠内营养的时间和出院时体重增长量都要明显高于对照组婴幼儿,但对照组发生宫外生长迟缓和宫内生长受限的比例却明显低于极低出生体重组(P<0.05)。针对极低出生体重婴幼儿的logistics回归分析显示,极低出生体重婴幼儿出生时伴有宫内生长受限或胎龄越小,则越有可能发生宫外生长迟缓(P<0.05)。结论:极低出生体重的婴幼儿发生宫外生长迟缓的比例要明显高于低出生体重婴幼儿,其中婴幼儿本身的宫内生长受限和胎龄是影响极低出生体重婴幼儿发生宫外生长迟缓的最主要危险因素。

Objective： To investigate the growing characteristics of different birth weight infants and young children, and analysis the risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very low birth weight infants. Methods： The clinical data of infants and young children were collected. According to weight, all the cases were divided into the very low weight group and control group, and the differences in two groups were compared, and the risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very low birth weight infants and young children of two groups were compared by logistics regression analysis. Results： 200 cases infants and young children were collected, and118 cases were in the very low birth weight group, 82 cases were in the control group. The gestational age, whether there existed FGR or EUGR, the first time of enteral nutrition, hospital stay and weight increase in hospital discharged had significant differences in two groups, and the gestational age of very low birth weight group were less than that of the control group, and the hospital stay, the first time of enteral nutrition and weight increase in hospital discharged were higher than that of the control group, while the palace growth retardation and intrauterine growth restriction ratio of control group were obviously lower than that of very low birth weight group（P〈0.05）.The logistics regression analysis indicated that the less of intrauterine growth restriction and gestational age, the slower extrauterine growth retardation were risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very low birth weight infants（P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The ratio of extrauterine growth retardation of very low birth weight infants are obviously higher than that of the low birth weight infants, and the intrauterine growth restriction and gestational age are the main risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very low birth weight infants.