农村地区卫生厕所分布公平性研究

Study on distribution equity of rural sanitary latrines

目的评价我国农村地区卫生厕所省际分布的公平性变化趋势,为加强基本公共卫生服务均等化和促进健康公平提供依据。方法根据中国卫生统计年鉴、中国计划生育与卫生统计年鉴中的各省改厕统计数据,采用极差法和基尼系数分析2008-2013年农村卫生厕所分布公平性及其趋势变化。结果已建成卫生厕所中,达不到无害化卫生厕所标准的厕所构成由36.9%降至29.6%,西部最高,2013年为39.4%。卫生厕所普及率的极差由63.8%降至51.1%,分布的基尼系数由0.1365降至0.1090。无害化卫生厕所普及率极差无减小趋势,分布的基尼系数由0.2794降至0.2266。两率极差在东部地区逐年减小,但仍高于中西部。结论我国卫生厕所省际分布的公平性总体上日益完善,但东部地区两极分化情况比较严重。因此,加强无害化卫生厕所的普及工作是今后工作的重点。

Objective To analysis the provincial distribution equity of rural sanitary latrines for enhancing equalization of basic public health services and improving health equity. Methods According to the statistics from Chinese health statistical and Chinese health and family planning statistics yearbook, range and Gini coefficient were deployed to analysis the distribution equity and the changing trend of sanitary latrines from 2008 to 2013. Results The proportion of latrines that haven＇t reach harmless sanitary latrines decreased from 36.9% to 29.6%; western area was the highest area,which proportion was 39.4% in 2013. The range of sanitary latrines shrank from 63.8% to 51.1%, and its Gini coefficient declined from 0.1365 to 0.1090. The range of harmless sanitary latrines presented no diminishing trend, its Gini coefficient fell from 0.2794 to 0.2266. Both ranges shrank in eastern area, which had the largest range among areas. Conclusion The distribution equity of sanitary latrines has been improved steadily. Eastern area was polarized mostly. Increasing the proportion of harmless sanitary latrines would be focused in the future.