中国的船磨与船碓

Ship-mill and Ship Tilt-hammer in China

船磨和船碓是利用水力,在船上进行加工作业的农具。在考察古代和近代船磨、船碓文献的基础上,结合新发现的三张船磨老照片及他人的回忆文章,认为"一船傍两轮"是我国船磨、船碓的主流形式,其效率低于欧洲中古以来常见的"两船夹一轮"形式;船磨的制动方式依靠系于横轴上立齿轮齿牙的绳索实现;在传统磨加工方式中,船磨的效率最高。

Ship--mill and ship tilt--hammer were worked by water and were processed on ships. Based on the investigation of the documents of ship-- mill and ship tilt-- hammer in ancient and modern times, using the newly found 3 old photos and others＇ memories about ship--mills, the paper comes to the conclusion that the main style of them in China was one ship with two water wheels, not the style of one water wheel with two ships which was pop- ular in Europe and the efficiency was higher. The controlling method of ship--mill was to fix or loosen the rope connected to the vertical cogs attached on the horizontal axle with water wheels. In all traditional ways of grinding, the ship--mill had the highest efficiency.