精准扶贫:治理现代化视野下的新型贫困村治理模式

Targeted Poverty Alleviation: A New Model of Poor Village Governance from the Perspective of Governance Modernization

贫困村治理是我国乡村治理的重要组成部分。在治理现代化视野下探讨贫困村治理模式的创新发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。传统的贫困村治理模式在乡村治理"乡政村治"模式下,具有单向被动、单元主导和粗放漫灌等三大缺陷,从而使贫困村治理陷入困境。治理现代化内涵具有四大基本特征:治理主体具有多元性、治理过程的上下互动、政府角色和地位的转换和公众参与治理过程。治理现代化为贫困村的治理提供了机遇和挑战。精准扶贫作为新型的贫困治理模式,能有效的解决贫困村治理困境。且其内涵参与式、多元合作式和精准式三大治理理念,不仅顺应了国家治理现代化的趋势,也能实现贫困村的有效治理,从而为我国基层农村治理提供有效的治理模式。针对完善精准扶贫模式,为实现贫困村的有效治理,提出干部下乡、政府主导,多方协同、参与治理,转变职能、规范管理等三条建议。

Poor village governance is an important part of rural governance. Discussion on innovation and development of poverty village governance model has important theoretical and practical significance from perspective of governance modernization. The traditional poor village governance model of countryside politics and village governance, with one- way, dominant and extensive defects, so that the poor village governance is becoming in trouble. The connotation of governance modernization has four basic characteristics：diversity governance body, interactive governance process, the conversion of the role and the status of government and public participation in governance. Governance modernization provides opportunities and challenges for poor village governance. And targeted poverty alleviation, as a new governance model, can effectively solve the problems of poor village governance. And its three governance concepts of connation participation, pluralistic cooperation and precision, not only conforms to the trend of modern governance, but also achieve effective governance in poor villages to provide effective governance model for rural grassroots governance. Finally,to achieve effective governance in poor villages, this paper made recommendations of sending cadre to countryside, government-led, multi-party coordination, participation in governance, changing functions, stand- ardized management and so on.