我国七个少数民族使用手语状况的调查研究

The Survey of Using Sign Language in Seven Ethnic Groups in China

本研究对蒙古族、藏族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、壮族、彝族和朝鲜族共7个民族的手语使用状况进行调查。结果显示:只有藏语和维吾尔语有不完善的手语方案,且使用范围局限;朝鲜族借鉴同民族的朝鲜和韩国的手语与之交流;蒙古族、哈萨克族、壮族和彝族无本民族语手语;中国手语成为少数民族地区特殊教育学校教学和社会上成年聋人学习和交流的主要工具。不同群体对是否需要制定本民族语手语存在不同意见,但一致赞成制定和推广使用国家通用手语。建议国家加强对少数民族手语工作的领导,根据分类指导的原则,制定符合我国不同民族地区实际的少数民族手语工作的政策。

The study investigated the status of using sign languages in seven ethnic groups：Mongolian,Tibetan,Uighur,Kazakhs,Chuang,Yi,and Korean.The results show that,1）only Tibetan language and Uighur language have their own incomplete sign language schemes,which are used in limited areas.Koreans use the sign languages from North Korean and South Korean;Mongolian,Kazakhs,Chuang and Yi do not have their own sign languages;2）Chinese sign Language has been the main tool for teaching,communication and learning in special education schools and the group of social deaf adults in minority areas;3）different groups have different opinions on whether the government should make different sign languages for each ethnic group,but all of them agree to create and widely use National Sign Language;and 4）most of the investigated people suggest that the government should strengthen the leadership of ethnic group sign language project and develop policies that suit the needs of different ethnic groups in real work.