美国的教授终身制及其现实启示

The professor tenure system in America and its inspiration

产生于20世纪初的教授终身制最主要目的就是保护学术自由,但时至今日,在美国本土,对于教授终身制是否仍需存在的讨论从未止息。教授终身制在保护学术自由、发展学术方面还继续发挥着有效作用,与此同时也产生了许多负面问题,比如所谓的"朽木"现象。通过对美国教授终身制的梳理与分析,能够以更客观的视角看待美国的教授终身制,同时也给高校现行的教授任用制度提供一些启示与参考。

The main purpose of tenure system, which was produced in the early 20 th century, is to protect academic freedom, but today, in the United States, the discussion of the tenure system still never stops. In the protection of academic freedom and academic development,tenure system plays an effective role. At the same time, it also produces many negative problems,such as the so-called ＂deadwood＂ phenomenon. Through the analysis of tenure system in the United States, it allows us to look at the American professor tenure system in an objective perspective, and provides some inspiration to the current professor appointment system.