中国出口产品技术含量升级分析——与发达国家的比较

China's Export Products Technology Content Upgrading Analysis——Compared With the Developed Countries

改革开放三十多年来,中国作为全球制造业转移的承接者,以加工贸易为主要形式的出口加工业得到蓬勃发展,这极大地促进了中国的经济发展。世界产业梯度转移由技术升级推动,而国家的对外贸易转型发展的动力也是技术升级。基于Michaely的研究,采用Hausmann,Huang和Rodrik等人的测量产品技术含量的方法,以出口产品技术复杂度指数为基础,并进一步定义了国家或地区的出口产品结构复杂度指数,利用世界投入产出表1995-2014年(WIOD)的数据,计算了WIOD涵盖国家和地区的出口产品的技术复杂度指数,得出中国出口产品的技术含量在1995至2014年一直在提升。选取卢森堡、美国、德国和日本作为发达国家的样本,通过比较可以看出,中国出口产品的技术含量与世界发达国家有较明显的差距,但是差距在逐步缩小,特别是2000年至2009年,中国出口产品的技术含量提升速度快,与发达国家的差距在缩小。

Based on the research of Micheay,and the method of measuring products’ technology content by Hausmann,Huang ＆ Rodrik,TSP and HTSP indexes are designed to calculate,with data of WIOD 1995- 2014,the indexes of technological sophistication of the export products of 40 countries including China,and a conclusion is drawn that the technology content of China’s export products increased during the period from 1995 to 2014. There is obvious gap in the technology content of export products between China and developed countries and regions by comparing,but the gap was gradually narrowing,especially from 2000 to 2009,the technology content of China’s export products increased significantly,narrowing down the gap between China and some developed countries and regions.