曼德尔施塔姆对维庸的发现与重塑

The Rediscovery and Remolding of Villon by Mandelstam

中世纪大诗人弗朗索瓦·维庸,被视为俄罗斯"白银时代"阿克梅派的"四大基石"之一,奥西普·曼德尔施塔姆在批评散文"弗朗索瓦·维庸"中对其进行了前瞻性书写。曼德尔施塔姆对维庸的发现和重塑,建立在对抒情诗人"雌雄同体"本质认识的基础之上;而对维庸明显疏离大自然态度的发现,对其造反行动的存在主义解读,则是曼德尔施塔姆新颖独到的阐发。曼德尔施塔姆还从三个角度解读维庸的艺术魅力之谜,将比喻式批评风格发挥得淋漓尽致,从思想和艺术层面全面展示了一个现代维庸的形象。由此,结合二人的生平履历,可以发现曼德尔施塔姆和维庸之间存在着明显的契合性;细致阐释两者的精神联系及差异性,可以得出曼德尔施塔姆超越维庸、自我成圣的结论。

The great Medieval poet Francois Villon is considered as ＂one of the four greatest cornerstones＂ of the Acmeism in Russian ＂Silver Age＂. Osip Mandelstam wrote foresightedly about Villon in his critical essay ＂Francois Villon＂. The discovery and remolding of Villon by Mandelstam are based on the recognition of the nature of ＂Hermaphrodite＂. And his original and unique interpretations of Mandelstam are the discovery of Villon＇s alienating attitude to the nature and the existential elaboration of Villon＇s rebelling actions. In addition, Mandelstam analyzed the mystery of artistic glamour in Villon＇s works from three aspects, and made full use of metaphoric criticism so as to present a full picture of a modern Villon in both levels of thoughts and arts. Accordingly, a careful examination of their life experiences reveals that there is inherent consistency between Mandelstam and Villon. Therefore, the in-depth analysis of their spiritual connections and differences may lead us to the conclusion that Mandelstam has transcended Villon, and made himself a saint.