汉语听写困难儿童的字形结构表征缺陷

The Representation Deficits of Chinese Character Structure in Children with Chinese Language Spelling Difficulties

字形结构是汉字所特有整体属性。已有研究表明,听写困难儿童的整字加工过程存在缺陷。本研究采用前摄干扰实验范式,考察听写困难儿童的字形结构表征。实验包含字形结构前摄干扰和字体前摄干扰两个条件。结果发现,在快速汉字再认过程中,听写困难儿童比一般儿童更倾向于牺牲反应准确性而加快反应速度。更重要的是,前摄干扰类型对两组儿童的反应正确率影响不同。一般儿童在结构干扰条件下的反应正确率低于字体干扰条件;而听写困难儿童在两个条件下的反应正确率无明显差异。这表明听写困难儿童可能对汉字结构信息不敏感,提示结构教学对汉语听写困难儿童很有必要。

Chinese characters are featured by the special structures of their fonts. The recent research shows that Chinese children with spelling difficulties （CSD） have deficits in Chinese character processing. This study, based on a pmactive interference （IP） paradigm, aims to explore the Chinese character-structure representation of Chinese CSD. The results show that in the fast recognition of Chinese characters, the CSD were more inclined to sacrifice accuracy to fast reaction than the typically developing children. More importantly, the IP task had different effects on the two groups＇ accuracy in the recognition of Chinese characters. Specifically, the typically developing children showed a lower rate of accuracy in structure judgment than in font judgment, whereas the CSD showed no significant difference in accuracy during the two tasks. These results indicate that CSD are likely to have deficits in the structure representation of Chinese characters, and that the structure-centered teaching method is a must to help CSD improve their structure representation.