基于因子分析的临床医学专业本科生胜任力模型构建

The development of competency model for undergraduate medical students based on factor analysis

目的：探究临床医学专业本科生为胜任未来临床工作所应具备的能力和素质，并构建其胜任力模型。方法采用整群抽样方法，自拟临床医学专业本科生胜任力问卷，对1326名临床医学专业本科学生进行问卷调查，收回有效问卷1099份，有效率82.88%。运用探索性因子分析研究胜任力要素内部结构并构建胜任力模型，采用因子分析定权法计算各胜任力要素占整个模型的权重。结果胜任力问卷总体Cronbach＇sα系数为0.965，各维度的Cronbach＇sα系数均在0.832以上；KMO值为0.970，Bartlett检验P＝0.000，问卷信度和效度较高。课题组构建的临床医学专业本科生胜任力模型包括工匠精神、个人特质、专业学习、人际沟通、心理适应和追求卓越6大胜任特征群及49项胜任要素，累积方差贡献率为54.729%；6个胜任特征群占整个模型的权重分别为0.2044、0.2021、0.1753、0.1588、0.1376和0.1218。结论构建的临床医学专业本科生胜任力模型，为医学教育培养目标、质量保证、教学效果评价、医学人才选拔和培养，提供了新的评价方法及思路，具有一定科学性和实用价值。

Objective To explore the abilities and personal qualities that medical undergraduates need for their future clinical work, and develop their competency model. Methods The self-made ques-tionnaire survey on medical undergraduates＇ competencies was conducted among the 1326 medical under-graduates in a medical university by using the cluster sampling method, and the 1099 effective question-naires were collected with effective rates of 82.88%. The exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the internal structure of competency item and to build the competency model. The rating method was used to calculate the weight of each competency item. Results The overall Cronbach＇s alpha coefficient of the competency questionnaire was 0.965, and the coefficient of each dimension was above 0.832. The KMO statistic value was 0.970, and the probability associated with Bartlett test statistic was P=0.000, showing that the questionnaire has high reliability and validity. The competency model of medical undergraduates covers six aspects, namely, craftsmanship, personal qualities, professional learning, interpersonal communication, psychological adaptation and the pursuit of excellence, which contain 49 factors. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 54.729%. The weights of these six aspects in the model were 0.204 4, 0.202 1, 0.175 3, 0.158 8, 0.137 6 and 0.121 8 respectively. Conclusion The competency model of undergraduate medi-cal students has a certain scientific and practical value, which can provide new evaluation methods and ideas for medical education objectives, quality assurance, teaching evaluation, medical personnel selection and training.