铁路机车乘务员心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis on status of mental health and its influencing factors among locomotive drivers

目的调查机车乘务员的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用自编基本情况调查表、职业紧张量表(OSI-R)、精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)问卷调查北京铁路局1817名机车乘务员心理健康状况,分析其影响因素。结果机车乘务员SCL-90测试总分(158.43±72.82)和阳性项目数(38.56±29.52)均高于国内常模[总分(129.96±38.76),阳性项目数(24.92±18.41)],多元回归分析及典型相关分析提示,机车乘务员心理健康状况与职业紧张因素、连续工作时间及饮酒状况呈正相关,与家庭月收入、体育锻炼和娱乐活动呈负相关。结论北京铁路辖区机车乘务员心理健康状况不容乐观,主管部门非常有必要通过降低工作强度、提高福利待遇、改善工作环境、加强健康教育改善机车乘务员心理健康状况。

Objective To study the status of mental health and its influencing factors among locomotive drivers. Methods 1817 locomotive drivers in Beijing Railway Bureau were interviewed by using general information questionnaire, Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition （OSI-R）, Symptom Cecklist-90 （SCL-90）. Results The SCL-90 score （ 158.43 ±72. 82） and positive items （38. 56 ±29. 52） showed that the mental health status of locomotive drivers studied was higher than that of national norm [ SCL-90 score （129. 96 ± 38.76）, positive items （24.92 ±8.41 ） ] . Multiple re- gressive analysis and canonical correlation analysis indicated that the main risk factor relative to the mental health were occu- pational stress, continuous travel time, household income monthly, sports and recreational activities and drinking status. Conclusion The mental health status of the locomotive drivers in Beijing Railway Bureau is not optimistic. It＇ s necessary to reducing working intensity, provide favorable treatment, improve working environment and strengthen health education to change their mental health status.