从领域分离到领域融合:政策问题建构权的变化

From Field Separation to Field Integration:Changes in Construction Right of Policy Issues

在近代以来的社会发展中,起先实现了国家与社会的分离,后来,即在20世纪则转化为公共领域、私人领域、日常生活领域的分离,并形成了对社会以及社会治理中心—边缘结构的稳固支撑。公共领域位于社会的中心,公共部门则位于社会治理体系的中心,政策问题建构一直是在公共领域中完成的。其间也实现了几度蜕变,要么被议会专有,要么被政府垄断,不论如何,政策问题建构成为来自于社会中心而对社会进行治理的基本手段。20世纪后期,领域分离的进程出现了逆转,领域融合的端倪显现,社会以及社会治理体系的中心—边缘结构呈现出被打破的迹象,一种新型的"亚政治"成了社会治理的基本特征。相应地,政策问题建构权也呈现出向社会的每一个角落扩散的局面。

In the social development since the modern times,the separation occurred at first between the state and the society,then came the separation among public sphere,private sector and daily life in the 20 th century. The separation of the above- mentioned fields formed a core- periphery structure to support the society and social governance. Public field is at the center of the society while public sector just at the center of the system of social governance,so the definition of policy issues was undertaken in the public domain. The construction of policy issues became the basic means to implement social governance from the center of the society,though the construction of policy issues underwent several changes with its right being monopolized either by the parliament or by the government.In the late 20 th century,the process of field separation was reversed and the field integration began to appear. The core- periphery structure of social governance system seemed to be broken; instead,a new ' sub- politics' has become the basic characteristics of social governance. Correspondingly,the right to construct policy issues has spread to every corner of the society.