三七总皂苷抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的药理研究进展

Advances in pharmacological studies of Panax notoginseng saponins on brain ischemia-reperfusion injury

三七是五加科人参属植物三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]的干燥根及根茎,在传统中药中作为一种补益类药品而被广泛应用。三七的主要活性成分为包含人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1等在内的三七总皂苷,其在血液系统、心血管系统和神经系统等多方面具有广泛药理活性。缺血性脑卒中是脑卒中最常见的形式,其病死率与致残率非常高,造成了严重的医疗、社会、经济问题。缺血再灌注损伤是缺血性脑卒中发病过程中最重要的环节,能量代谢异常、离子代谢紊乱、自由基损伤和炎症反应等均参与其中,具有复杂的发生机制。近年的研究表明,三七总皂苷具有显著缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用,其治疗机制众说纷纭、尚不十分明确。因此,本文对三七及其主要活性成分皂苷类化合物的抗脑缺血再灌注损伤药理作用及分子机制进行综述,为进一步开发利用三七类药物并指导其临床提供理论支持。

Sanqi in Chinese herbal medicine is the root and rhizoma of Panax notoginseng（Burk.） F.H.Chen, which belongs to genus Panax in the Araliaceae family and is widely used as a tonic medicine in the traditional Chinese medicine. The main active constituents of sanqi are Panax notoginseng saponins, including ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1. A wide variety of pharmaceutical applications of Panax notoginseng saponins have been reported in the regulation of blood circulation system, cardiovascular system and nervous system. Ischemic stroke, the most common form of stroke, leads to a high risk of morbidity and disability, which evolves serious medical, social and economic problems. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the most important part in the progress of ischemic stroke. Abnormal energy metabolism, disturbance of the ion metabolism, free radical injury, inflammatory reactions all participate in the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemia- reperfusion injury. Over the past few decades, substantial studies demonstrated that Panax notoginseng saponins possessed a significant protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects. In order to develop a new medicine from Panax notoginseng, we provide a review of the major literatures on the pharmaceutical actions and molecular mechanisms of Panax notoginseng and Panax notoginseng saponins in the protection of ischemia-reperfusion injury.