枪虾攻击过程的物理化学原理辨析

Analysis of the Physical Chemistry Principles of the Strike Process of Snapping Shrimp

枪虾通过闭合大螯喷出高速水柱,发出巨大声响以击昏猎物进行捕食,过程中伴随发热发光现象。本文利用物理化学原理,对枪虾的攻击过程进行了系统分析,通过计算螯闭合时产生的动能,利用气泡平衡计算的膨胀功和热能的比较,利用能量守恒原理、绝热过程近似等方法,从理论上解释了气泡的形成过程,并计算了气泡破裂时残存气体的体积和其所能达到的温度,确定了枪虾激发所释放出的能量的耗散途径,较好地解释了枪虾攻击过程中发生的物理化学现象。

Snapping shrimps preys by clasping its large claw to send out high speed water jet,triggering a stunning sound together with very high temperature and light emission. In this paper,systematic analysis of the striking process is made based on the principles of physical chemistry such as energy conservation and adiabatic process. Through calculation of the kinetic energy induced by the water jet,the expansion work and heat relating to the formation of the largest vapor bubble during the strike,the total energy sent by the interesting marine creature are determined. By calculating the residual vapor volume after collapsing of the bubble,the highest temperature that the residual vapor could attain,the optical energy and the acoustic energy,the dissipation ways of the energy sent by the shrimp are revealed. It is found that the whole strike process can be satisfactorily explained.