汉语量度有字句的句法分析

A Syntactic Analysis of Degree Construction with You in Chinese

量度有字句是指"张三有一米高"或"张三有李四那么高"这样的句子,其中包含形容词、客体论元、量度范畴、度量论元与达到范畴等重要构件。达到范畴常实现为"有",量度范畴常实现为"这么/那么"。达到范畴与量度范畴使得量度有字句只是表示达到一定的数量或某种程度。度量论元,可以是数词短语也可以是限定短语,两种不同的度量论元会导致一系列的差异,如句子中有没有"有"与"那么/这么"以及形容词的句法位置等。形容词、量度范畴与度量论元可构成结构体,做"有"的补足语,这一结构体可称为量度短语,具有谓词性。量度有字句中的形容词没有受到比较范畴的扩展,它不属于比较句。

The degree construction with ＇you＇ （有） refers to the sentence such as ‘Zhangsan you yimi gao＇ （张三有一米高） and ＇Zhangsan you Lisi name gao＇（张三有李四那么高）,which contains many critical constructs such as the Adjective, Theme, Deg（ree）, Measure and Acc（ess）. The Acc can often be realized as ＇you＇ phonetically and the Deg as ＇zheme/name＇ （这么/那么）. The Acc and Deg give the construction a denotation of accessing a certain measure or degree. Measure can be a NumP or a DP, the choice of which can lead to a series of differences, e.g. whether the Acc and Deg can be realized phonetically or not, and where the adjective can occur. The Adjective, Deg and Measure can form a constituent and act as a eomplememt of ‘you ＇, which can be called DegP and is Predicative. The Adjective is not extended from the Comp（are） in the construction, so it is not a comparative construction.