汉语领主属宾句的主语:转喻还是活跃区?

The Subject of Possessor-Subject & Possessum-Object Construction in Chinese:Metonymy or Active Zone?

鉴于汉语领主属宾句和存现句在句法、语义上的相似性,很多学者认为前者是后者的一种引申,前者主语通过转喻指称事件发生的场所。然而,这种转喻说并没有经过严格的论证,而且与领主属宾句的语法表现相悖。在认知语法的基础上,本文认为:1)领主属宾句不是存现的引申句而是一种场景主语结构;2)领主属宾句的主语并没有发生转喻,而是一种显影/活跃区不对应现象。本文的假设既能捕捉领主属宾句与存现句之间的相似关系,又能避免转喻说所带来的问题。

Based on the parallel in both syntax and semantics between the Possessor- Subject ＆ Possessum-Object （PSPO） construction and existential sentence in Chinese, many scholars hold that the former is an extension of the latter, with the subject of the former denoting, through metonymy, the place where the event occurs. However, this metonymy hypothesis has not been vigorously verified, and goes against the grammatical behavior of the PSPO construction. Within a Cognitive Grammar framework, this paper argues that 1） the PSPO construction is not an extension of the existential but a setting-subject construction and 2） the PSPO subject does not undergo any metonymic shift, but involves a kind of profile/active zone discrepancy. The hypothesis of this paper cannot only capture the relationship between the PSPO construction and the existential but also avoid the problem brought by the metonymy hypothesis.