从无偿到合作:中国体育对外援助主导方式转变探究

From Free to Cooperation:The Transformation of Dominant Way of China's Sports Foreign Aid

合作共赢是以人类命运共同体为基础,拓展新型国际关系的核心,它强调个体在追求目标实现的同时,也要顾及他者合理利益的达成,在促使本国发展进程中,还应推进他国能力的有效提升,休戚与共、同创繁荣。合作共赢既能推动中国和平发展,也为中国体育对外援助指明了方向。中国体育对外援助根据财政条件差异与资源流动方向的不同,可分为无偿体育对外援助和体育对外援助合作2种方式。受到某些条件的限制,无偿体育对外援助具有相对的局限性,突显出经济成本投入较大、政治色彩比较鲜明、短期效应相对显著、可持续性较差等不足。而随着经济全球化的推进,体育对外援助合作表现出良好的优势性,体现出减轻援助国财政支出负担、增加援助国经济创汇收入、促进受援国长远利益发展、可持续性显著等特点。因此,基于体育援外方式发展的内因和政治、经济等外因的综合影响,中国体育对外援助主导方式的转变,出现了"无偿主导、合作辅助向合作主导、无偿辅助"的切换。当下,要谨遵合作共赢的精神指引,紧握体育对外援助合作的主导方式,以合作推动体育对外援助的有效落实。

Win-win cooperation is the core of expanding new international relation based on the human destiny community ,which emphasizes mutual interests not only for individuals in pursuing goals but also for countries in developing capabilities. Win-win cooperation can promote the peaceful development of China and instruct its sports foreign aid. According to the different financial conditions and the direction of resource flows ,China’s sports foreign aid can be divided into two modes：free sports foreign aid and the cooperation sports foreign aid. Due to conditions restriction ,free sports foreign aid has the disadvantages of a larger economic costs,obvious politic complexion,significant short-term effects and poor sustainability. With the progression of economic globalization,the cooperation sports foreign aid has the advantage of relieving financial burden,increasing foreign exchange income of China,and promoting long-term interests development of the recipient countries. The aid modalities transition from free-dominated and cooperation-assisted to cooperation-dominated and free-assisted appeared because of the internal factors of the development of the sport foreign aid and the external factors of politics and economy. At present,the sports foreign aid should be promoted by the dominant way of cooperation guiding by win-win cooperation target.