优秀女子水球运动员备战重要国际比赛过程中睡眠模式的变化规律

Effects of Competition on Sleep Patterns of Elite Female Water Polo Players

目的:观察重要国际比赛对优秀女子水球运动员睡眠模式的影响。方法:备战2015世界女子水球联赛总决赛的国家女子水球队全体队员22人,(22±3)岁。将2015世界女子水球联赛总决赛前第2周设为赛前训练阶段,将2015世界女子水球联赛总决赛前1周的2015昆山杯国际女子水球邀请赛设为赛前热身阶段,将2015世界女子水球联赛总决赛周设为比赛阶段。睡眠日记、睡眠质量指数量表调查队员睡眠情况,抑郁和焦虑自评量表调查队员心理状况。结果:(1)各阶段睡眠质量指数持续异常升高,但不表现组间差异;(2)与训练阶段相比,训练和比赛阶段夜间睡眠就寝和起床时间显著延后,但夜间睡眠时间无组间差异;(3)热身阶段夜间入眠时间较训练阶段显著延长;(4)热身和比赛阶段日总睡眠时间、午睡时间和午睡日睡眠比重较训练阶段显著提高;(5)夜间睡眠时间<7 h、入眠时间>30 min以及睡眠质量指数>5的发生率在各阶段存在显著差异,但夜间觉醒和噩梦、日间思睡、睡眠质量主观体验差的发生率未出现显著改变。结论:由训练,经热身到正式比赛,优秀女子水球运动员夜间睡眠时相逐渐延迟,且持续表现夜间睡眠片段化的浅睡眠特征;即使每天总睡眠时间逐渐延长,由于午睡时间和比重逐渐增强,睡眠质量并未得到显著改善。调整睡眠结构,是备战重要国际比赛过程中优秀女子水球运动员睡眠干预的重要切入点。

Objective：To investigate sleep disturbance in elite female water polo athletes prior to important competition. Methods：All 22 athletes（22±3 yrs） from Chinese Women’s Water Polo Team（CWWPT）who prepared for FINA Women＇s Water Polo World League 2015-Super Final（WPWL 2015）were recruited. The study were divided into training,warm-up,and competition periods according to the preparation for the Super Final. Sleep behaviors and mental function were monitored continuously using PSQI,SDS,SAS,and sleep dietary. Results：1）The PSQI were above 5 score in all 3 periods. No significant differences among different periods were revealed related to PSQI,SDS,and SAS. 2）The bedtime and getup time of nocturnal sleep in the warm-up and competition periods were significantly delayed than that of the training period. No significant differences among different periods were revealed related to time asleep in the evening. 3）The sleep latency of warm-up period was significantly extended than that of the training period. 4）The total sleep and siesta time, and the percentage of time from siesta in the warm-up and competition periods were significantly elevated than that of the training period. 5）The incidence of nocturnal sleep〈7 h,sleep latency〉30 min,and PSQI〉5 had significantly differences among different periods. No significant differences among different periods were revealed related to time awake,nightmare,daytime sleepiness,and subjective poor sleep quality incidence. Conclusion：Elite female water polo athletes showed signs of sleep fragmentation and delayed sleep syndrome prior to and during important competition.