我国兴奋剂违规行为听证制度的历程评价与发展对策

Evaluation and Development Countermeasure of Anti-doping Rule Violation Hearing System in China

在作出最终处理决定之前举行听证,给面临纪律处罚的运动员或体育团体一个表达意见的机会,是国际体育运动中的通行做法。这样做法不仅有利于查明事实真相,得出公正的处理决定,而且能最大限度地尊重和保护当事人、利害关系人的合法权益。自原国家体委于1995年发布《禁止在体育运动中使用兴奋剂的暂行规定》以来,我国的兴奋剂违规行为听证制度经历了确立、发展和全面接轨3个阶段,每个阶段均有各自的积极作用和存在的问题。如今,对这段历程进行回顾与总结,不仅能理清理论研究的思路,而且能发现当前听证工作的不足之处,为切实保障运动员基本权利以及我国今后的反兴奋剂工作提供帮助。2015年1月1日,国家体育总局令第20号《反兴奋剂管理办法》及其配套规范性文件《体育运动中兴奋剂管制通则》,与新版《世界反兴奋剂条例》同步实施,不仅完善了我国反兴奋剂法律体系,而且打通了国内机制与国际机制相衔接的通道。在今后的反兴奋剂斗争中,我国应在借鉴的基础上面向未来,让兴奋剂违规行为听证制度在兴奋剂管制过程中发挥更大的作用。从修订相关规范性文件和保障听证效果的实现这2方面提出发展对策,以期为完善我国的兴奋剂违规行为听证制度有所裨益。

Holding a hearing is the standard practices in international sports before making the ultimately decision which could give an opportunity to the athletes to express their opinion who are facing the disciplinary punishment. That method will not only help to find out the truth to get the fair decision but also can respect and protect the legitimate interest of the interested parties to the maximum extent. Since 1995 the ex-National Sports Administration published the relevant normative document,Anti-Doping Violations Hearing System in China have been through three stages of establishment,development and overall integration. Each stage has its positive aspects and problems. At present I reviewed and summarized this course to put our research ideas into shape and discover the shortcomings of the hearing system in order to safeguard the fundamental rights of athletes and help the anti-doping work in our nation. On 1 January,2015,General Administration of Sport of China Order No.20 Implementation Measures of anti-doping and its supporting regulatory documents General rules of doping control in Sports and the new version of World anti-doping Code are working in implementation simultaneously ,which not merely complete our nation’s anti-doping law system,but also build the connect channels between the national and international mechanism. During the fighting of doping, our nation should face the future on the basis of using the experience for reference and make the Anti-Doping Violations Hearing System play a more important role in doping control process. This article puts forward the development of measure in two aspects ,amendment of relevant regulatory documents and the guarantee of realization of hearing effects. We hope to have benefits for the improvement of our national Anti-Doping Violations Hearing System.