赤泥脱碱及功能新材料研究进展

Study progress of alkali removal from red mud and novel functional materials

氧化铝生产过程中产生的赤泥已成为制约铝行业可持续发展的瓶颈。随着铝工业的发展,赤泥的堆存量越来越大,赤泥的综合利用显得尤为迫切。为了解决国内外赤泥的堆存现状及产生的危害,国内外对赤泥资源化利用作了研究,赤泥可以用于生产建筑材料、陶瓷制品、微晶玻璃、路基及防渗材料、硅钙肥、吸附材料和提取有价金属。重点介绍了近年来赤泥脱碱实验研究、赤泥填充塑料、赤泥多元絮凝剂联产复合白炭黑、赤泥免烧和烧结蜂窝多孔材料、抗菌材料载体、赤泥脱硫与固硫材料、赤泥用于炼铁氧化球团黏结剂等研究新进展。对赤泥进行减量化、资源化利用不仅能减少其对环境污染,还可缓解我国铝土矿资源短缺等问题。

Red mud,the waste produced during the extraction of alumina,has inhibited the development of the aluminum industry. In order to develop the alumina industry,various ways must be found to utilize the red mud,as storing the large quantities produced is a problem. Worldwide,researches have been done on utilizing this red mud. Applications include as raw material for building materials,ceramic products,glass ceramics,roadbed and impervious materials,silicon fertilizer,and as adsorption materials for extracting valuable metals. The present study mainly introduces the progress of researches on red mud,such as dealkalization and the preparation of polymer composites,carbon-white by the cogeneration of multiple flocculants,burned and unburned cellular materials,carriers of antibacterial material,desulfurization and sulfur fixation materials,and the binding of oxidized pellets.Reducing and utilizing red mud in multiple ways would reduce environmental pollution and solve the shortage of bauxite resources.