论人格权擅自商业化利用中的获利赔偿请求权

Right to Claim for Profit Compensation during Commercialized Utilization of Personality Rights Without Authorization

《侵权责任法》第20条对侵害人身权益的财产损害赔偿责任作出了规定,该条所规定的获利赔偿请求权在性质上属于侵权损害赔偿请求权,该请求权的行使应当具备如下条件:行为人的行为符合侵权责任的构成要件、受害人的损失难以确定、行为人因此获利。《侵权责任法》将"损失难以确定"作为获利赔偿请求权的适用前提,实际上是赋予了受害人在实际损失赔偿请求权与获利赔偿请求权之间做出选择的权利。在确定行为人的获利数额时,可以考虑采用举证责任倒置等方式,以缓解受害人的举证困难。

Article 20 of ＂Tort Liability Law＂ has articulated provisions on the property damage liability for infringement of personal rights and interests, and the profit compensation claim in this article is the right of indemnity claim for infringe- ment. The exercise of the claim shall meet the following conditions： the perpetrator＇s actions are consistent with tort liability, the loss of the victim is difficult to determine, and the perpetrator is benefited from his/her action. ＂Tort Liability Law＂which requests ＂the loss （of the victim） is difficult to determine＂ as a condition of the profit compensation claim, is to give the victim the right to make a choice between the claim for actual damages and the claim for the profit compensation. The burden of proof inversion method may be used to determine the amount of profit of the perpetrator so as to ease the difficulties of proof of the victim.