从“精英通识”到“专业认知”——以教育学科史视域中的裴斯泰洛齐观为中心

From “Elite General Education”to“Subject-Specific Cognition”:Discussion on Pestalozzi from the Perspective of the History of Education

本文在教育学科史层面讨论裴斯泰洛齐的中国书写问题,即作为一代教育家的裴氏,是如何得到中国知识精英的关注,尤其是教育学科的学术关注的。民国时代的裴氏研究,主要在教育学科中展开,本文关注雷通群、姜琦、瞿世英、蒋径三、朱元善、吴志尧、庄泽宣、郑晓沧等个案,将其分别视为教育通史、教育思想史、传记研究等领域的代表性人物,进而考察外来资源作为民族国家文化创造的关键性因素,当如何采择汲取而完成自身创辟。由教育学科史视域中所观察到的裴斯泰洛齐叙述,不仅反映出从"精英通识"到"专业认知"的必然迁变过程,同时也让我们去亲密接触在现代中国教育学科建立过程中先贤所走过的坎坷艰辛路,他们即便在颠沛流离、兵荒马乱的年代里,都还努力坚持着对教育的理念,对异国前贤的理解和同情,更有对吾土吾民无比坚定的民族信念,正是从这个意义上来说,他们是与裴斯泰洛齐同呼吸共命运的。正是在这样一种有活力、有自我、有生命的新元素的不断融合之中,裴斯泰洛齐的中国之旅才更显现出极高明而道中庸的"问道"意义。

This article discusses how Chinese authors and educators introduced Pestalozzi and elaborated his academic opinions.More specifically,how Pestalozzi won Chinese academic elites＇ attention especially in the subject area of Education.Literature suggests studies about Pestalozzi were widely conducted in the subject area of Education in the Republic of China.Therefore this article focuses on elaborating studies of eight Chinese authors,namely Lei Tongqun,Jiang Qi,Qu Shiying,Jiang Jingsan,Zhu Yuanshan,Wu Zhiyao,Zhuang Zexuan,and Zheng Xiaocang.The preceding Chinese researchers are discussed as representatives in three important facets of the Education subject–the history of education,history of educational thought,and biography research –to examine the role of foreign literature resources in constructing China＇s national culture and how it could be done based on western literature.Through the perspective of the subject history,discussion about Pestalozzi suggests a transform process from ＂elite general education＂to＂subject-specific cognition＂.Meanwhile,it helps us to know those difficult days that Chinese scholars established the foundation of Education subject in modern China.Even in the time of war,they still strived to adhere to the philosophy of education and gave sympathies and understandings to previous scholars in other countries,let alone national beliefs they had for their motherland.Viewing from this angel,they shared a similar fate with Pestalozzi.Because of such a dynamic,self-evolving integration,Pestalozzi＇s interpretation in China could be able to represent the doctrine and the meaning of＂asking＂.