父母婚姻质量与幼儿抑郁行为的关系

Correlation between parental marital quality and depressive behavior in children

目的 探索父母婚姻质量与幼儿抑郁行为的关系.方法 采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,对深圳市幼儿园1 311名4～6岁幼儿的母亲进行儿童行为量表（父母问卷）（CBCL,4～16岁）和中国人婚姻质量问卷调查后,用SPSS统计软件包对调查结果进行统计分析.结果 ①1311名幼儿中,抑郁行为问题检出率为3.28％ （43/1311）,不同性别幼儿抑郁行为检出率差异无统计学意义（x2=2.860,p＞0.05）,不同年龄段幼儿抑郁行为检出率差异有统计学意义（x2=17.146,P＜0.01）,且随年龄增长,幼儿抑郁行为问题不断增多;②行为发展正常的幼儿,其父母的婚姻质量总分[（63.65±14.86）分]及其体现婚姻质量的性格相容[（6.03±1.49）分]、夫妻交流[（6.04±1.48）分]及家庭角色[（6.03±1.48）分]等10项指标均好于存在抑郁行为幼儿的父母,两组幼儿父母的婚姻质量总分（t=4.415,P＜0.05）及其夫妻交流（t=4.891,P＜0.05）、化解冲突（t=4.229,P＜0.05）和业余活动（t=4.084,P＜0.05）等10项指标差异有统计学意义;③父母婚姻质量与不同年龄段幼儿抑郁行为偏异发生率均呈负相关（r=-0.070-0.352）,父母婚姻质量越好,幼儿抑郁行为发生率越低,且父母婚姻质量对低龄幼儿的影响更为显著;④体现婚姻质量的指标中,夫妻交流（B=-0.318,P＜0.01）和子女与婚姻（B=-0.275,P＜0.01）两个指标对幼儿抑郁行为问题有预测作用.结论 改善父母婚姻质量,造就优良的家庭精神环境,对减少儿童抑郁问题行为具有重要作用.

Objective To explore the relationship between parental marital quality and depressive behavior in children.Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling,1 311 mothers whose children were 4 to 7 from Shenzhen＇ s kindergartens were randomnly selected and filled out Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist（CBCL 4/16） and Chinese Marital Quality Questionnaire.The survey results were analyzed using SPSS statistical package.Results ①In 1 311 children,the detection rate of depressive behavior was 3.28% （43/1 311）.Based on the detection rate,the difference of children depressive behavior was not statistically significant between the gender（x2=2.860,P〉0.05）,but was statistically significant among different ages（x2 =17.146,P〈0.01）.Increasing depressive behavior was observed with age.②The normal group of behavioral and emotional development was better than the group which had depressive behavior in marital quality（63.65±14.86） and 10 indicators of marital quality including personality magnanimous（6.03± 1.49）,communication of couple（6.04± 1.48） and family roles （6.03± 1.48）.There were statistical significances in marital quality（t=4.415,P〈0.05） and its 10 indicators,which was communication of couple（t=4.891,P〈 0.05）,conflict resolution （t=4.229,P〈0.05） and leisure activities（t=4.084,P〈0.05）,were showed significant differences between the two groups.③The relationship between parental marital quality and depressive behavior in children were negatively correlated（r=-0.070--0.352）.The better marital quality,the lower incidence of children depressive behavior,and the impact of marital quality for younger children was more significant.④In the indicators of the marital quality,communication of couples（B=-0.318,P〈0.01）,and attitude towards offspring and marriage（B=-0.275,P〈0.01） could predict children depressive behavior.Conclusion It is important to improve marital quality and creat harmonious family spiritual enviromnent for reducing the incidence of children＇s depressive behavior.