第一次世界大战期间北京政府划定行军区域的合法性分析

The legitimacy of the March Area Declared by the Beijing Government during the First World War

为应对日本攻占青岛之军事行动,北京政府经多方筹议,仿日俄战争先例,向外宣告了行军区域。然而,日军无视中国的中立布告及其自身对行军区域界线的承诺,置国际法和国际条约于不顾,强占胶济铁路、侵扰地方、杀害人民。胶济铁路不是德国国有,而是归中德两国合办的铁路公司所有,不能被视为敌产。日军在行军区域内种种非法行为,严重侵犯了中国的主权。

To reply Japanese military action on Qingdao, Beijing Government declared March-area just as what it did during the Russia-Japan war. Regardless of the international law and international treaties, Japanese army occupied Jiaoji railway by force and killed local people, which violated its own promise not to step away and Chinese neutral declaration. Jiaoji railway belonged to the cor- poration that set up by both China and Germany, not the property of German Government. Illegal act of Japanese army violated Chinese sovereignty.