土壤调理剂对冷浸田土壤特性及水稻生长的影响

Effects of Amendments on Soil Properties and Rice Growth in Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field

冷浸田因长期受冷泉水浸渍,土体封闭,通气不良,土壤Eh值和有效养分低下,水稻产量偏低。本研究以单施化肥为对照,设置增施生物稻糠、脱硫灰、石膏、过氧化钙和硅钙肥处理,通过田间小区试验和定期观测,探究了不同土壤调理剂对冷浸田土壤特性及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与CK处理比较,施用生物稻糠和石膏土壤活性还原物质含量分别降低了52%和30%,从而提高了土壤的氧化性能;土壤细菌数分别提高200%和96%,真菌数分别下降16%和10%,进而提高土壤供氮能力。而施用脱硫灰和石膏调节了土壤养分,土壤有效磷含量均增加83%,速效钾含量分别增加50%和13%,水稻叶绿素含量分别提高3%和5%。施用石膏、生物稻糠和脱硫灰水稻分别增产13.0%、10.1%和5.1%。研究认为,施用土壤调理剂能消减冷浸田还原物质毒害,提升土壤微生物活性,提高土壤养分供应,促进水稻增产,并以生物稻糠、石膏和脱硫灰效果最佳。

The soil oxidation-reduction potential, soil available nutrients and rice yield were low in cold spring paddy fields because of long-term flooding by cold spring water. A field experiment and laboratory analysis were performed to study the effects of different amendments on improving soil properties and rice growth. Experimental treatments were control, biomass charcoal, desulphurization ash, gypsum, calcium peroxide and silicon calcium fertilizer. The results showed that the application of biomass charcoal and gypsum reduced soil active reducing substances by 52% and 30%, respectively, and thus increased soil oxidation capacity evidently, compared with control. Application of biomass charcoal and gypsum also increased soil bacteria by 200% and 96%, respectively, and reduced the number of soil fungi by 16% and 10%, respectively, while soil available N was increased evidently. Application of desulphurization ash increased soil available P, soil available K and rice chlorophyll content by 83%, 50% and 3%, and the corresponding data were 83%, 13% and 5% for the treatment with gypsum applied. Consequently, the rice yield was increased by 13.0%, 10.1% and 5.1% due to application of gypsum, biomass charcoal and desulphurization ash. In conclusion, application of biomass charcoal, gypsum and desulphurization ash could reduce toxicity of soil reducing substances, increased soil microorganism activity, contents of soil available nutrients and rice yield.